《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(3): 397-406

花生离体诱变再生苗的无菌嫁接与移栽

李冠¹, 尹秀波², 崔山³, 乔利仙¹, 隋炯明¹, 姜德锋¹, 王晶珊^1,*

¹青岛农业大学生命科学学院/山东省高校植物生物技术重点实验室, 山东青岛266109; ²山东省农业技术推广总站, 济南250013; ³青岛谱尼测试有限公司, 山东青岛266101

通信作者：王晶珊；E-mail: jswang319@126.com

摘　要：

为解决花生(Arachis hypogaea)离体诱变再生苗生根难、驯化移栽成活率低等问题, 本文首先研究确立了花生再生苗无菌嫁接及其简单有效的移栽方法, 然后以花生品种‘花育20号’、‘花育22号’、‘花育25号’和‘鲁花11号’胚小叶离体诱变再生苗作为接穗, ‘花育23号’无菌萌发10~13 d的实生苗为砧木进行无菌嫁接和移栽, 结果表明: 沙是适宜的砧木种子无菌萌发培养基质; 砧木子叶节以下的下胚轴是适宜的嫁接部位; 嫁接苗直接移栽田间, 不仅操作简单, 节省人力物力, 而且嫁接苗生长快, 成活率高, 4个供试品种的嫁接苗移栽成活率均达到90%以上。田间观察发现, ‘花育20号’中有1株诱变再生嫁接苗当代发生明显变异, 茎枝颜色由绿色突变为紫色, 叶片形状由椭圆形突变为长椭圆形。

关键词：花生; 离体诱变; 再生苗; 无菌嫁接; 移栽

收稿：2016-08-25   修定：2017-01-18

资助：国家自然科学基金(31471542和31571705)和山东省科技发展计划(2014GNC110002)。

Grafting and transplanting of regenerated plantlet by in vitro mutagenesis in peanut

LI Guan¹, YIN Xiu-Bo², CUI Shan³, QIAO Li-Xian¹, SUI Jiong-Ming¹, JIANG De-Feng¹, WANG Jing-Shan^1,*

¹College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University / Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China; ²The Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Shandong Province, Jinan 250013, China; ³Pony Testing International Group, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China

Corresponding author: WANG Jing-Shan; E-mail: jswang319@126.com

Abstract:

To solve the problem of root regeneration and low survival rate after transplantation in peanut, a simple and effective grafting in vitro and transplantation technique of regenerated plantlets was studied. The grafting was conducted with regenerated plantlets derived from in vitro mutagenesis of peanut cultivars ‘Huayu 20’, ‘Huayu 22’, ‘Huayu 25’ and ‘Luhua 11’ as the scions. The rootstocks were obtained from 10- to 13-day-old germinated peanut seedlings of ‘Huayu 23’. The grafted plantlets were cultured under sterile condition for 3 days, hardening-seedling for 2 days and were then transferred to the field, with temporary plastic tunnel for 3 weeks and later in normal field management. The result shows that sand was suitable medium for the germination of rootstock seeds, and hypocotyl of rootstock seedling below the cotyledonary nodes was suitable operating part. The grafted seedlings showed normal and rapid growth after they were transplanted to field, and the survival rates could reach to 90% in 4 tested cultivars. There was a regenerated plant which showed obvious variation from ‘Huayu 20’ mutagenesis, with purple stem and long oval leaves relative to original green stem and oval leaves.

Key words: peanut; in vitro mutagenesis; regenerated plantlet; sterile grafting; transplanting